Named User Licensing, clarified.

Six classification outcomes from field-tested matters.

1. The eleven Named User buckets, mapped to actual SAP behaviour. Professional, Limited Professional, Employee, ESS, Developer, plus the six product-specific types — with the role-mapping logic that the USMM does not enforce on its own.
2. The classification doctrine that survives a LAW audit. The three-tier evidence standard, the role-versus-usage debate, and the SAP position you can defend in writing.
3. The dual-user trap, quantified. Why thirty per cent of audited estates carry the same person counted twice across systems, the SID-aggregation rules, and the reconciliation method that closes the gap.
4. The exemption framework. Test users, technical users, batch users, departed users, dormant users, contractor users — the seven exemption categories, the documentation each requires, and what SAP will and will not accept.
5. The pre-USMM cleanup playbook. The eight-week cleanup calendar, the role-redesign moves, and the bucket-rebalancing that reduces Professional license counts by an average of 18% with zero functional impact.
6. The reclassification negotiation at renewal. When SAP will accept downward reclassification, the contractual basis, the documentation required, and the commercial concessions that frequently accompany the move.

Seven chapters. Thirty-six pages.

Four audiences. One reference.